(Photo: Small Dog Electronics)
Macs are easy to use. Intuitive!
Viruses? Never heard of ’em!
Well, perhaps. But problems do crop up, even with the venerated Macintosh. Not long ago, I went to use Spotlight (cmd + spacebar) and, well, it looked a little off.
It displayed “Indexing Spotlight,” with an estimated finish time of several MILLION hours.
I’m no computer scientist, but that seemed like an abnormally long time. Alas, “ruh-roh” realizations alone do not diagnose problems, let alone fix them. Much of the world has felt the same at one point or another: “My [fill in the blank] is screwed, but I don’t even know where to start.” Cars? Computers? Health? We’re all ignorant of something, as mastering everything just isn’t an option.
So, I put a notice out on the Internets asking for help and learned a lot about Macs in the process. First and foremost: It need not be complicated to bulletproof (or unf*ck) your Mac.
But what if your Mac crashes or is stolen? Does that goddamn spinning beachball mean that my computer’s going to implode? Is there a simple way to sleep soundly at night?
My hope is that this post somehow helps you to do exactly that. It won’t be fancy, and it won’t impress the Carnegie Mellon CS crowd, but it will get the job done with minimal headache and paradox of choice. Here’s what I’ve learned so far…
We’ll start with an e-mail thread from Jared Cocken, Creative Director of The Wonderfactory, then we’ll lead into personal suggestions.
If you have alternative solutions or more elegant fixes, please let me know in the comments!
Enter Jared
Most software glitches on OS X are permissions-based. Permissions set the read/write characteristics of every file and who those files can be viewed by; it’s an old system that comes from Mac OS X’s Unix underpinnings. Luckily, it’s usually pretty easy to repair permissions.
Below are a few steps that will (A) Fix common issues on Macs, and (B) Keep your Mac running smoothly.
Step 1: Backup Data and Repair Permissions
1) Backup your data using one of the following methods:
Local Incremental Method – You can use Time Machine to perform incremental backups. I like the freedom of no wires, so I back up over WiFi to a Time Capsule ($299). The initial backup will take awhile, so plug your Mac into the Time Capsule’s ethernet port and let it run overnight. The subsequent, incremental backups take far less time since they only back-up items that have changed. If you don’t want to spend the cash on a Time Capsule, you can opt to plug in an external drive. I like these drives from Western Digital; they’re affordable and easy to store.
Off-Site Incremental Method – If you don’t want to spend the cash on an external drive and you’re more worried about your data than your OS, I recommend Backblaze ($4 per month for unlimited storage). It won’t backup your OS files, so if you want to avoid the pain of hand-restoring your system, you’ll want to double up with one of the other methods, as well. If you have a lot of data, the first back-up will take you a long time even on a fast connection; incrementals will speed through. Should you have a fatal drive error and don’t have time to wait for a large data download, Backblaze will expedite you a harddrive (for a fee).
Off-Site Clone Method – I recommend SuperDuper! ($27.95). It allows you to create a bootable clone on an external drive, meaning you’ll be able to get your machine restored with all of its data in no time. It can be scheduled, or set to run when you plug in a specific external drive. I perform a clone weekly and store it off-site.
2) Open up ‘Disk Utility’ – [Location: “/Applications/Utilities/Disk Utility”]
- On the left, you’ll see little drive icons. There should be a slightly indented icon ‘Macintosh HD’ underneath another icon with a number (mine is 500.11 GB)
- Select the one named ‘Macintosh HD’
- Select ‘First Aid’ from the tabs
- Hit ‘Repair Disk Permissions’ and let it run
- When the repair is complete, click the non-idented drive and run another repair
- Congratulations, you just repaired your permissions. It’s actually good practice to run this every time you install/update software. I normally set a calendar reminder so I don’t forget.
3) Restart your Mac
Did that solve your problem? No? Not time to reach for the whisky just yet. It’s time for some drive repair.
Step 2: Fixing A Corrupt Directory
Another common problem is a corrupt directory file. The directory keeps track of how all the files are connected. If it gets messed up, your computer will effectively be driving in the dark. But this can be fixed.
Remember that DVD that came with your Mac? The one that has the ‘Do not throw these DVDs away’ label on it? It’s time to go and dig that out.
- Insert your OS X DVD
- Restart your Mac
- Press and hold the ‘C’ key until the Apple logo appears (you’re now booting from the DVD)
- Open up ‘Disk Utility’
- Restart your Mac (making sure to select ‘Restart’ from the hard drive, not the DVD)
1. Select Macintosh HD on the left
2. Select ‘First Aid’ from the tabs
3. Hit ‘Repair Disk’ (NOT ‘Repair Disk Permissions’) and let it run
4. If you see any red results, they were likely the cause of your Mac’s problems
Did that solve your problem?
No? DAMMIT MAN… what have you been doing to that poor computer?!
Time to move onto the final step…
Step 3: Enter DiskWarrior
If Disk Utility wasn’t able to fix the problem, you’re going to need to bring in the big guns. Ladies and Gentlemen, I’m talking about DiskWarrior ($99), the Spartan Army of OS repairing awesomeness. I’ve been using it since 1998, and it’s saved my bacon on numerous occasions. Sure, it might not look like much, but it’ll bring a whole world of hurt to those evil directory demons. How? It wipes them from the face of the earth by building it’s own directory.
Here’s how to use DiskWarrior:
- Insert the DiskWarrior DVD
- Restart your Mac
- Press and hold the ‘C’ key until the Apple logo appears (you’re now booting from the DVD)
- Agree to the ‘Blah, Blah, not our fault if you lose stuff, but we’re TOTALLY claiming the credit if we fix it’ disclaimer
- Select Macintosh HD from the drop-down menu, and hit ‘Rebuild’.
- Once DiskWarrior has finished building a preview directory, you’ll get two options: ‘Preview’ or ‘Replace.’ Click ‘Replace’ while shouting “This. Is. SPARTA!” (wearing an adhesive beard is recommended during this step).
- Restart your Mac
- Rejoice that all of your problems have gone away!
No? Okay… Now would be a good time to book an appointment at an Apple Store. The specialists at the Genius Bar will probably perform the exact same steps you just walked through, so it’s worth printing this post out beforehand to show what you’ve tried already, just so you don’t waste your time (or theirs).
If you call Apple Support, chances are that they’ll just tell you to reinstall your OS. Unless you followed Step 1 and backed up your data, that’s going to be a giant pain in the ass. Consider yourself warned!
Good luck!
Afterword and Additional Thoughts from Tim
Ultimately, I did all of the above but remained unconfident, even after adding other safety nets like using DropBox for redundancy and the lightweight Prey for theft protection. Why still unconfident? Simple: I’ve f*cked this type of thing up in the past with alarming regularity.
After all, the basic concept of a “bootable drive” eluded me for an embarrassingly long time. In plain-speak: you need a way to look at your computer without *using* your computer. Duh. The afflicted machine needs to be treated like a patient etherized upon a table, hard disk as still as a dead heart.
In the end, I took perhaps the simplest route as an insurance policy: I made an appointment at my local Mac store’s Genius Bar and brought DiskWarrior along with me, hat in hand. Long story short, my friendly Mac Jedi fixed my laptop using the store’s external drive, and the computer’s been fine since.
During the wait, I peppered this fine gentleman (nameless for reasons that will become obvious) with Mac questions of all sorts. There were a few additional takeaways that I found helpful:
1) If you’re going to run around with your laptop in a backpack, as I do, it’s best to get a machine with a solid-state drive, like the new Macbook Air.
2) To speed up reboot time, take all the crap on your desktop and put in a folder labeled something like “Desktop stuff to July 17, 2011.” This eliminates the need for your laptop to generate thumbnail images and accelerates everything.
3) Think Macs are impervious to viruses? Not forever, at least that’s my bet. I ended up installing the simple Sophos Anti-Virus for peace of mind.
4) You don’t need to buy new licenses for software when you get a new computer. Just copy and paste the following folders to your new computer in the appropriate locations:
– “Applications” folder
– Within “Library” (in your home directory), the “Applications Support” and “Preferences” folders.
Can anyone confirm or refute that this works?
5) Computers inevitably end up clogged with crap: stupid applications that don’t pan out, bloated unnecessary files, etc. I asked him: “If you were starting from scratch, what would you put on your short list of must-have applications?” His survival list included the following:
– Tuneup – for cleaning up and unbloating iTunes.
– Cocktail – use 1x per month to clean up your OS.
– Handbrake – for ripping DVDs to your hard drive.
– VLC media player – for playing various media files.
– Transmission – for downloading torrents (BitTorrent client).
– 1Password – for (not)remembering log-ins and passwords.
– Quicksilver or Alfred – for quickly launching apps (Call me old-fashioned, but I’m perfectly happy with Spotlight for the app-launching feature)
– Netnewswire – RSS reader (I don’t have an RSS reader installed)
– AppZapper (Tim addition to the list) – aptly called “the unintaller Apple forgot,” I use AppZapper to delete all the niggly hidden files, sometimes dozens, associated with applications that you want to get rid of.
Any other votes for elegant must-have applications? Other Armaggedon-avoiding Mac tips?
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Odds and Ends: $1,000 Travelocity Winner and Stats
The winner of the $1,000 Travelocity Voucher is…James McDaniel! James, please keep an eye on your email for all the juicy details.=
And here are stats for the entire PunchTab giveaway, as of competition end:
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